Most quilts have a quilt top, batting and backing. These are quilted to stick together. There are numerous options to do this. The batting and the backing need to be larger than the quilt top when quilted. Calculate about 4-5 inches more on each side for a quilt, och at least 2 inches more on each side for a pillow case or a table runner. Quilts usually need thicker batting than table runners.
It is your personal choice how to quilt, and no recommendations are given in the patterns. In most patterns the fabric requirements for the backing and binding is not included.